NEUROPATÍA DIABÉTICA
- AsocMexDiabetes
- 14 ene 2021
- 1 Min. de lectura
El término neuropatía diabética incluye a un diverso grupo de síndromes de alta prevalencia en personas con diabetes.
La hiperglucemia y la deficiencia a la insulina son considerados promotores de la neuropatía, sin embargo, también participan otras alteraciones metabólicas, vasculares y neurotróficas.
De acuerdo con la Asociación Americana de Diabetes existen diferentes tipos de neuropatía diabética:
· Neuropatía diabética periférica
· Neuropatía diabética autonómica
· Neuropatía cardíaca autónoma
· Neuropatías gastrointestinales
· Alteraciones genitourinarias
El más común es la polineuropatía simétrica distal, que es una neuropatía sensorial y motora de distribución “en guante y calcetín” con manifestaciones sensoriales como adormecimiento y una disminución o exageración en la sensibilidad táctil. Ésta es la complicación microvascular más frecuente de la diabetes mellitus.
La ADA establece que todas las personas con diabetes deben ser evaluadas:
· En la diabetes tipo 2, al momento del diagnóstico y por lo menos cada año
· En la diabetes tipo 1, a los 5 años después del diagnóstico y por lo menos cada año
Una vez que se ha confirmado el diagnóstico de neuropatía diabética, el tratamiento tiene dos objetivos principales:
1. Prevenir la progresión de la neuropatía (controlando la hiperglucemia)
2. Reducir los síntomas (con tratamiento farmacológico)
Fuente:
Diabetes Care 2020;43(Suppl. 1): S135–S151 | https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-s011
Martínez, A., Paredes, C. y Zacarías, R. (2002). Neuropatía diabética. Rev Hosp Gral Dr. M Gea González; 5(1-2):7-23.
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